48^th World Congress on Advanced Nursing Research June 14-15, 2018 Dublin, Ireland

It includes a wide range of scope in scientific inquiry including clinical research, health systems and outcomes research and nursing research education. Nursing research education focuses on how students learn the professional practice and discipline of nursing as well as how to improve educational strategies to prepare clinicians and scientists. They can be diversified into different areas of nursing practice such as

Each category of nursing courses will bring in specialized knowledge and skills to healthcare teams and workplaces. There are different types of Nursing like Registered Nurse, Nurse Practitioner, Nurse Practitioner (grand parented), Employed Student Nurse, and Licenced Graduate Nurse. Apart from these there are many more types of nursing specializations which can be done on a certification basis like, Cardiovascular Nursing, Emergency Nursing, Gastroenterology Nursing, Gerontological Nursing, Hospice Palliative Care Nursing, Oncology Nursing, Rehabilitation Nursing, and many more. All these are processed with a bachelor’s master’s and doctoral programs depending on the individual’s interest

The main purpose of nursing research is to find answers to question or solution to problems which are relevant to nursing profession. The scientific purpose of nursing research education includes identification, description, exploration, explanation, prediction and control and others that are based on evidence-based practice. Within each purpose, various types of questions are being managed by nurse researchers; certain questions are more adaptable to qualitative than to quantitative inquiry and vice versa.

Nursing research faces great number of challenges and opportunities stemming from rapid growth to limited resources. Over a period of time, nursing’s contribution to evidence – based practice and health policy has increased exponentially. Still, a number of challenges are preventing the discipline of nursing from achieving its full scientific potential

This field is developing at an increasing exponential rate and is predicted that it will flourish in the 21st century. The purpose for future nursing research education will be to promote excellence in nursing science and practice. At this point of time, nurses will intensify their research skills and use those skills to address emerging issues of importance to the profession and its clientele.

Nursing process can be called as a modified scientific method. It is the common thread uniting different types of nurses who work in varied areas. It involves a problem solving approach that enables the nurses to identify patient problems and potential at-risk needs and to plan, deliver and evaluate nursing care in an orderly, scientific manner. This process is broken down into five separate steps

They are registered nurses who have continued their training through a graduate degree or certificate program. They are able to perform some of the same duties as that of a physician. They are the most highly trained of all registered nurses, holding either a master’s degree or a doctorate in nursing. They comprise several specialist fields. They come in four varieties viz.,

They assume an increasing role in providing care to cardiovascular patients and measuring the impact of their care is essential to assess the effectiveness and their contributions to the team. They are often designated as primary care providers and are at the forefront of providing preventive care to the public. Their general functions includes the following

Paediatric nursing is the medical care of neonates and children up to adolescence, usually in an in-patient hospital or day-clinic. 

The main role of paediatric nurses is to administer directly procedures and medicines to children according to prescribed nursing care plans. Nurses also continually assess the patient by observing vital signs, and developing communication skills with children and family members and with medical teams. Being a support to children and their families is one component of direct nursing care. Awareness of the concerns of children and parents, being present physically at times of stress and implementing strategies to help children and family members cope are all part of the work.

Nursing theory is defined as a set of definitions, concepts, relationships and assumptions or propositions derived from nursing models or from other disciplines and project a purposive systematic in view of phenomena by designing specific inter relationships among concepts for the purposes of describing, explaining , predicting or prescribing. They are derived through two principal methods i.e., deductive and inductive reasoning

Nursing models are usually described as a representation of reality or in a more simpler way of organising a complex phenomenon. Nursing model is a combination of both concepts and the assumption that combine them to form a meaningful arrangement. A model is a systematic way of presenting a situation in such a way that it shows the logical terms in order to showcase the structure of the original idea. Components of nursing modelling includes

Midwifery is the health science and health profession that deals with pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period (including care of the new-born), besides sexual and reproductive health of women throughout their lives. In many countries, midwifery is a medical profession (special for its independent and direct specialized education; should not be confused with the medical specialty, which depends on a previous general training). A professional in midwifery is known as a midwife.

The review found that midwifery-led care was associated with a reduction in the use of epidurals, with fewer episiotomies or instrumental births, and a decreased risk of losing the baby before 24 weeks' gestation. However, midwifery-led care was also associated with a longer mean length of labour as measured in hours.

Midwives are qualified to assist with a normal vaginal delivery while more complicated deliveries are handled by a health care provider who has had further training. 

 Midwifery-led care has effects including the following:

• A reduction in the use of epidurals, with fewer episiotomies or instrumental births.
• a longer mean length of labour as measured in hours
• increased chances of being cared for in labour by a midwife known by the childbearing woman
• increased chances of having a spontaneous vaginal birth
• decreased risk of preterm birth
• decreased risk of losing the baby before 24 weeks' gestation, although there appears to be no differences in the risk of losing the baby after 24 weeks or overall

Qualitative research refers to any research based on something which is impossible to accurately or precisely measure. But it allows the researchers to explore human experiences in personal contexts and also social contexts, and gain greater understanding of the factors influencing these experiences. Research of this type can help nurses to understand health and illness experiences and offer compassionate, person-centred care. Methods includes

Quantitative research can also be called as an empirical research. It refers to any research that can be accurately and precisely measured by an instrument. Instruments are used in quantitative research help to convert information into numbers. Instrument studies only quantifiable concepts. It examines phenomenon through the numerical representation of observations and statistical analysis. It is classified as 

• Coronary Artery Disease and its Management
• Cardiac Arrest and Heart Failure
• Cerebrovascular Heart Disease
• Ischemic Heart Disease
• Inflammatory Heart Disease
• Cardiomegaly (enlarged heart)
• Cardiomyopathy
• Cardiac Arrhythmias
• Congenital Heart Disease
• Blood and its Importance
• Heart Transplantation
• Angina Pectoris
• Electrical Cardioversion (Defibrillation) in Cardiac Arrhythmias

Mixed methods nursing research methodologies are increasingly applied in nursing research to strengthen the nursing phenomenon and understand its depth and breadth. Mixed methods research combines elements of qualitative and quantitative research approaches for the broad purpose of making up for weakness of both methods. This type of nursing research is most likely to benifit all kinds of researches.

A Registered Nurse is defined as a nurse who graduated from a nursing program and has met the requirements that had been outlined by a country, state, province or similar licensing body in order to obtain license in nursing. Registered nurses are usually employed in a wide range of professional settings, and often specialize in a field of practice. They are always responsible for supervising the care delivered by other healthcare workers such as student nurses, licensed practical nurses, unlicensed assistive personnel, and less-experienced registered nurses.

They can prescribe medication, examine patients, diagnose illnesses, and provide treatment, like physician. Nurse practitioners are increasingly becoming integral to medical teams as more and more hospitals and healthcare facilities are utilizing their expertise. Their working area ranges from 

A Certified Nurse Midwife (CNM) provides many of the same services as a gynecologist and midwife provide. They help women with contraceptive control and gynecologic care and also with family planning. She assists in all stages of the pregnancy cycle. This includes initial consultations as well as prenatal visits and exams and postpartum care for the mother and care of the newborn. She also spends a lot of her time in assisting births, and may either work outside the hospital in women’s homes, or inside the hospital with her own practice, where she is able to make many of the critical care decisions.

Clinical Nurse Specialists are registered nurses, who have graduate level nursing preparation at the master’s or doctoral level as a CNS. Like other types of nursing they also do provide primary patient care to those under their scope. They provide expert advice related to specific conditions or treatment pathways. They specialize in a certain area of medicine such as

Gynaecology or gynecology is the medical practice dealing with the health of the female reproductive systems (vagina, uterus, and ovaries) and the breasts. Outside medicine, the term means "the science of women". Its counterpart is andrology, which deals with medical issues specific to the male reproductive system.

Almost all modern gynaecologists are also obstetricians (see obstetrics and gynaecology). In many areas, the specialities of gynaecology and obstetrics overlap.

Examples of conditions dealt with by a gynaecologist are:

• Cancer and pre-cancerous diseases of the reproductive organs including ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, vagina, and vulva
• Incontinence of urine
• Amenorrhoea (absent menstrual periods)
• Dysmenorrhoea (painful menstrual periods)
• Infertility
• Menorrhagia (heavy menstrual periods); a common indication for hysterectomy
• Prolapse of pelvic organs
• Infections of the vagina (vaginitis), cervix and uterus (including fungal, bacterial, viral, and protozoal)
• UTI and Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
• Premenstrual Syndrome
• Other vaginal diseases

She is specialized in the administration of anesthesia. They are certified to provide a full spectrum of anesthesia care, including for surgical procedures, and may work with healthy to very sick individuals of all ages and all levels of acuity, including patients who cannot give consent or are in life-threatening condition

Basic consideration nursing is the field of nursing which concentrate on the most extreme consideration of the fundamentally sick or precarious patients. Disease anticipation and nursing consideration is the control worried with forestalling nosocomial or human services related contamination, a useful (as opposed to scholastic) sub-order of the study of disease transmission. New conceived babies who need serious therapeutic consideration are regularly conceded into an extraordinary zone of the healing facility called the Neonatal concentrated care and Nursing care.

• Innovations and reforms in Nursing Management
• Human Resource Management
• Quality and Safety of Nursing Care
• Nursing Outcome Study
• Crisis and Risk Management
• Use of it in Nursing Management
• Professional Career Development of Clinical Nurses
• Health Policy Study
• Professional Career Development of Clinical Nurses

Telemedicine is the use of advanced telecommunication and information technologies in order to provide clinical health care at a distance. It helps eliminate distance barriers and can improve access to medical services that would often not be consistently available in distant rural communities. It is also used to save lives in critical care and emergency situations. Although there were distant precursors to telemedicine, it is essentially a product of 20th century telecommunication and information technologies for the development of Nursing Practice.

The Goal of Disaster Nursing is guaranteeing that the most astounding achievable level of consideration is conveyed through distinguishing, supporting, and watching over every affected populace all through all periods of a catastrophe occasion, incorporating dynamic cooperation in all levels of debacle arranging and readiness. From the work of Florence Nightingale in the Crimean War to the late care gave by medical attendants in the fallout of Hurricane Katrina in 2005 and the Asian wave of 2004, attendants verifiably are connected to the procurement of consideration amid emergencies.

Public health is "the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting human health through organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals." Analysing the health of a population and the threats is the basis for public health. The "public" in question can be as small as a handful of people, an entire village or it can be as large as several continents, in the case of a pandemic. "Health" takes into account physical, mental and social well-being. It is not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, according to the World Health Organization. Public health is interdisciplinary. For example, epidemiology, biostatistics and health services are all relevant. Environmental health, community health, behavioural health, health economics, public policy, mental health and occupational safety are other important subfields.

Public health aims to improve the quality of life through prevention and treatment of disease, including mental health. This is done through surveillance of cases and health indicators, and through promotion of healthy behaviours. Common public health initiatives include promoting hand washing and breastfeeding, delivery of vaccinations, suicide prevention and distribution of condoms to control the spread of sexually transmitted diseases.

Universal health care, (also referred to as universal health coverage, universal coverage, and universal care or socialized health care) usually refers to a health care system that provides health care and financial protection to all citizens of a particular country. It is organized around providing a specified package of benefits to all members of a society with the end goal of providing financial risk protection, improved access to health services, and improved health outcomes. Universal health care is not one-size-fits-all and does not imply coverage for all people for everything. Universal health care can be determined by three critical dimensions: who is covered, what services are covered, and how much of the cost is covered. It is described by the World Health Organization as a situation where citizens can access health services without incurring financial hardship. The Director General of WHO describes universal health coverage as the “single most powerful concept that public health has to offer” since it unifies “services and delivers them in a comprehensive and integrated way”. United Nations member states have agreed to work toward worldwide universal health coverage by 2030. One of the goals with universal healthcare is to create a system of protection which provides equality of opportunity for people to enjoy an attainable level of health.